Is Color Blindness a Disability
Introduction
Color blindness or color vision deficiency is a common condition affecting millions of people around the world. Color blindness is different from complete blindness in which a person is not able to see anything, however, in color vision deficiency, a person can perceive images but with a different perception. Color-blind persons perceive colors in a different way and it might cause confusion in distinguishing certain colors.
It is not known whether color blindness is a disability or not.
Color vision deficiency is caused due to the deficient function of cones, present on the retina. Color vision depends on three populations of cones, each with a specific sensitivity. For normal color perception, all three primary colors match within the spectrum. In a color-blind person, one or more cones are not working properly.
What Is Color Blindness?
In color blindness, a person is not able to distinguish between certain colors. It is due to the improper function of cones. The person will perceive the proper image of the object but with altered color sensitivity.
There are three different types of cones responsible for color vision. Each cone responds to a different wavelength of color. In normal persons, the cones give a full-length color spectrum.
Any given cone may be deficient (e.g. protanomaly – red weakness) or entirely absent ( e.g. protanopia – red blindness)
Types of color blindness
What Are The Different Types Of Color Blindness
Following are different types of color blindness
Red-green color blindness:
Red-green color blindness is the most common in men as compared to females. A person with a red-green deficiency cannot differentiate between red and green colors. Red-green deficiency can be related to certain optic disc diseases.
- Protanopia: In this case of color blindness the long wavelength of light cannot be perceived. A person with protanopia will label the rainbow as blues and gold.
- Deuteranopia: In this condition, a person cannot perceive green color. His rainbow will also contain blues and gold.
- Protanomaly: In this state red color cones are not working properly, so the objects with red color will appear either grey or with less brightness.
- Deuteranomaly: This is the most common color blindness. The rainbow spectrum will contain yellow and blue colors.
Blue-yellow color blindness:
Blue-yellow color blindness is a less common condition. A person with this type of blindness is unable to differentiate between blue and yellow colors. This type of color blindness can occur in certain diseases e.g., glaucoma or macular disorders.
- Tritanopia: In tritanopia, there are no blue and yellow responsive cones. The color spectrum will be deficient in blue and yellow colors. The rainbow will appear red, light blue, or lavender.
- Tritanomaly: In this type, the blue color will not work effectively and the color spectrum will appear green-blue or a little yellow color.
Total color blindness:
- Total color blindness/ monochromacy: This is the least common type of blindness Person with total color blindness is unable to see any colors at all and only sees shades of grey color.
- Blue cone monochromacy: In this condition, the color vision is frequently reduced but the normal vision is comparatively good.
- Rod monochromacy: It is also called achromatopsia. In this condition, the cone photoreceptors do not work at all and normal vision is also markedly reduced.
Pathogenesis:
How Is Color Blindness Inherited | Is Color Blindness Genetic
Color blindness is a genetic condition that is caused by a defect in the genes that produce the photopigments responsible for color vision. It is more common in men as compared to females, as the gene responsible for color vision is located on the X chromosome. Men have one X chromosome so the chances of inheriting the disease are more common. In females, there are two XX chromosomes, and one defective gene cannot express itself. If a woman has a defective gene on one of her X chromosomes, she may still have normal color vision if the other X chromosome is not affected.
Treatment
Unfortunately, there is no cure for color blindness. However, there are some treatments that can help people with color blindness to better distinguish between colors.
- Color filters or lenses: One treatment option is .... for more details visit my blog
